1980 Manser 2001), about the internal state of the sender (e.g., Bastian and Schmidt 2008 Schehka and Zimmermann 2009 Scheumann et al. Acoustic signals may convey information about the external environment with which the sender is confronted (e.g., Seyfarth et al. Moreover, animals living in a complex social environment have been suggested to use complex communication systems with signals carrying multiple information (e.g., Bouchet et al. Acoustic signals can vary substantially in frequency-time contours and amplitude, and can thus reflect a wide variety of behavioral situations and environmental conditions. Vocal communication can be important for coordinating social interactions among animals. This highlights that a given communicative function and the need for individual discrimination during a social interaction have a major influence on the degree of individual distinctiveness. Calls functioning to mediate intragroup social interactions had the highest individual distinctiveness. ![]() The level of individual distinctiveness of all three call types was lower than that previously reported for Pant calls of this species. Individual distinctiveness was lowest for Snorts, intermediate for Hisses, and highest for Grunts. The three call types possessed an acoustic structure capable of showing individual variation to different extents. We used three methods to compare the level of individual distinctiveness across call types, namely discriminant function analysis (DFA), potential for individual identity coding (PIC), and the information criterion (H s). Calls were recorded from 25 adult southern white rhinoceroses in six different zoos. We explored the variation in individual distinctiveness across three call types (Grunt, Hiss, Snort) of the southern white rhinoceros ( Ceratotherium simum simum) and investigated to what extent the abovementioned factors account for individual distinctiveness. Within a species, call types can differ in individual distinctiveness, which can be explained by three factors, namely differences in the social function, the distance of the caller to the receiver, and the acoustic structure of the call. ![]() Individual distinctiveness in the acoustic structure of vocalizations provides a basis for individual recognition in mammals and plays an important role in social behavior.
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